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生物学 / バイオテクノロジー

ホワイトペーパー (3)

  • ボールミルを使用した超微粉砕

    How are nano particles produced? The “Bottom-Up” method synthesizes particles from atoms or molecules. The “Top-Down” method involves reducing the size of larger particles to nanoscale, for example with laboratory mills. Nano particles are produced by colloidal grinding which involves dispersion of the particles in liquid to neutralize the surface charges. Factors such as energy input and size reduction principle make ball mills the best choice for the production of nanoparticles.
  • 生体試料の前処理の重要な側面 細胞破砕からホモジナイズ、そして多種多様な生体試 料の粉砕まで

    Biological samples exist in all shapes and sizes: hard bones, tough and fibrous plants, tough and viscous sputum, soft muscles, tumor or liver tissue. Not to mention the millions of cells such as yeast, bacteria or algae, which have to be disrupted for applications such as DNA or RNA isolation or protein extraction. Retsch offers a range of mills and grinders for easy and reproducible pulverization of solid sample materials some of which are also suitable for cell disruption and homogenization of biological sample materials.
  • 試料の凍結前処理

    固体試料の化学分析等を行う際には、事前にその試料を前処理(粉砕、又はホモジナイズしなけ ればなりません。この粉砕工程で大切な事は、代表性の高い試料を作製する事と、その再現性です。この2 つが両立してこそ、はじめて正確な分析結果を得る事が可能となります。多くの場合、この 粉砕工程は(衝撃、圧力、摩擦、せん断、切断等の)一般的な粉砕方法により、常温で分析に必 要とされる粒度まで落とす事が出来ます。

アプリケーションレポート (14)

  • クライオミルを使った揮発性物質を含んだ試料の粉砕

    試料調製の際に、常温での粉砕よりも凍結粉砕機を使ったほうが適している場合がありま
    す。液体窒素で凍結された試料は脆化されるので、衝撃・摩擦などで粉砕されやすくなり
    ます。さらに、試料中の揮発性物質も保持できます。
    レッチェのクライオミルは、最新の安全な凍結粉砕機で優れた粉砕結果をお約束します。
  • レッチェのミキサーミルMM400を用いた難分解性寄生虫の細胞破砕法

    Cell disruption of bacteria, yeast, filamentous fungi or microalgae is a standard procedure in basic biological research, applied biotechnology or medical research to get access to nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) or cell proteins. For the isolation of DNA or RNA usually less than 1 ml of cell material is needed. For the extraction of proteins, however, larger amounts of cell suspension are required. A very efficient method of cell disruption is the co called “bead beating” where cells in suspension are mechanically disrupted by glass beads in single-use reaction vials.
  • 毛髪が語るもの

    科学捜査、税関および競技スポーツの分野 で違法薬物の検出は大変重要です。化学物 質は血液、唾液、尿および毛髪から検出さ れますが、特に毛髪は、長さにより異なり ますが、長期間蓄積されるという利点があ るため薬物乱用の痕跡やDNA鑑定などに 使われています。
  • 注目される資源の再生

    植物の代表サンプル作成には経験が必要 切迫した原料不足を背景に産業界は、再生可能な資源の利用技術開発に注力しています。その中でも様々な植物は繊維、顔料、医薬品、燃料、油脂および緩衝材の原料として脚光を浴びています。しかし、植物はその複雑な組成や成分のため、分析用の試料調製が困難なもののひとつです。予備粉砕から微粉砕までの最適な粉砕方法を見つけ出すのは簡単なことではなく、経験とノウハウが必要です。
  • 生体試料中の有害物質の分析

    凍結粉砕で生物試料の調製が容易になります。 動植物は環境汚染の度合いを測るうえで信頼できる指標です。したがって環境分析の最も重要な手段のひとつとして、生体試料中の有毒物質の分析があります。レッチェ社の粉砕機は試料の特質や成分を損なうことなく調製できるので、世界中の環境分析機関で活躍しています。ここでは、テキサスの微量元素研究所とオタワの国立カナダ野生生物研究所の2件をご紹介します。
  • 食品・飼料の肥質分析

    食品や飼料の品質を管理するうえで、脂質は非常に重要な分析項目です。脂肪量は薬品の栄養価を大きく左右する要素であり、また、乳脂肪やカカオバターなどの比較的高価な脂肪分は、効率よく利用する必要があります。加えて、新しいEU指令によって食品会社は「ライト」や「低脂肪」などの抽象的は表示ではなく、正確な脂肪分を包装に表示するように求められています。
  • Cryogenic Disruption of Yeast Cells

    At the Ernst Ruska-Centre-3 (ER-C-3) for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, one of the institutes of the renowned Forschungszentrum Jülich, researchers harness the power of cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography to answer important questions regarding the structure and function of biological membranes and membrane-associated protein complexes. To this end, various cellular systems, including yeast, are used as models to study the membrane systems of interest.
  • Cryogenic disruption of yeast cells according to the Rout Protocol

    The Michael Rout Lab at the Rockefeller University in New York, NY, initially contacted RETSCH Inc. in 2006 to discuss the possibility of using the Planetary Ball Mill to cryogenically grind yeast cell pellets. The aim of their experiment was to explore the construct of Nuclear Pore Complexes located on the cell walls of yeast cells. The decision to use a Planetary Ball Mill for this application was mainly based on the fact that it produces very small particle sizes which were considered an important prerequisite for more in-depth analysis of the yeast cells.
  • Homogenization of tough biological secretions or tissue pieces

    Sometimes the preparation and homogenization of biological samples can be as tough as the material itself. The widely used 2 ml single-use Eppendorf tubes are often not large enough to accommodate the whole sample volume; hence, the sample needs to be divided and reunited after the homogenization process which means an additional time-consuming working step in the lab routine. While it is true that usually larger sized grinding jars, e. g. of stainless steel, are available which accommodate the complete sample volume, these have the drawback of requiring cleaning after use.
  • Mixer Mill MM 400: Upgrade of a True Multipurpose Mill

    With the Mixer Mill MM 400 RETSCH has developed a true multipurpose mill which covers a huge range of applications, including classic mixing and homogenization but also more complex tasks like cell disruption via bead beating or mechanochemical processes. The ease of use of mixer mills in general, combined with a wealth of accessories make the MM 400 the perfect choice for quick, safe and reproducible processing of small sample volumes.
  • Prosthetic joint infections: New method allows for diagnostics of up to 8 samples with high documentation rate

    One of the major risks of a joint replacement is prosthetic joint infection (PIJ), a bacterial infection at the interface of implant, tissue, and bone. In 2010, A.-L. Roux et al. published an article titled „Diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection by beadmill processing of a periprosthetic specimen.“ It describes a new diagnosis method of involved microbes, with an impressive documentation rate of more than 83% and, at the same time, a very low contamination rate of 8.7%. The method involves washing the microbes off the tissue samples in a RETSCH Mixer Mill within 210 seconds.
  • Representative results require adequate sample preparation

    The following situation is typical for many production plants: After a routine quality check, the production process is stopped or an already produced batch is suspended, because the analysis results were not within the relevant critical values. But does the tested product really deviate from the specifications? It is often not the product itself which causes irregular analysis results but a lack of understanding of the steps which come before the analysis.
  • Temperature-controlled preparation of biochemical samples

    The temperature plays an important role in biochemical analyses. To ensure that the properties of biological samples are not altered during sample preparation, it is necessary to continuously cool or sometimes even freeze the sample material. This application article describes how the Mixer Mill MM 500 control with its possibilities of temperature-controlled sample processing is used for preparing biochemical samples. As an application example, we present the cell disruption process of a global pharmaceutical and diagnostics company.
  • What Hair Reveals

    The detection of illegal drugs and pharmaceuticals plays a role in various fields, for example in forensic science, road traffic accidents, in competitive sports or at the workplace. Hair has the great advantage of storing the substances for a long period, which means that detection is still possible several months after consumption of the drug. In addition to the detection of drugs, hair samples are also used for DNA analysis as well as for the analysis of heavy metals and minerals.

使用事例 (5)

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