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粉砕試料

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パンフレット (1)

情報誌 "the sample" (11)

No. 36
粉砕はアート － 現代の粉砕技術
No. 35
新製品の実際の使用例
No. 34
2009年
新製品
No. 33
試料調整の具体例　＆　レッチェ新商品
No. 32
機器分析のための試料調整　― レッチェの粉砕機を使った実験例を掲載しています。
No. 31
レッチェ・グランプリ＆２００８年新製品のご紹介
No. 30
環境分析のための粉砕機と粒子径分布測定装置
No. 29
新製品　2007年　新発売 GOLD　RUSHｷｬﾝﾍﾟｰﾝ
No. 28
Think big but grind fine!大型粉砕機特集号。 
No. 25
Retsch presents the new Ultra-Centrifugal Mill ZM 200
No. 24
Anniversary issue of the RETSCH customer magazine 10 years "the sample"

アプリケーションレポート (31)

エアジェットシーブAS200ジェットを使った凝集粉末の分級
エアジェットシーブは、40μm以下の非常に細かい粉体の乾式分級に広く用いられています。また、振動式のふるい振とう機に比べて極めて短時間で分級ができるので、250μmまでの粉体にも広く採用されています。
プラスチック － その多様性
プラスチックは種類が豊富な分、その使用用 途も多岐に渡ります。PE、PET、PC、PP、PBTやABSの様な略称 は単に材質そのものを示すだけではなく、そ の中に多くの性質を持つものが含まれていま す。使用目的に応じ、プラスチックは耐衝撃 性、堅牢性、耐熱性、耐溶媒性などの性質が 求められます。
クライオミルを使った揮発性物質を含んだ試料の粉砕
試料調製の際に、常温での粉砕よりも凍結粉砕機を使ったほうが適している場合がありま
す。液体窒素で凍結された試料は脆化されるので、衝撃・摩擦などで粉砕されやすくなり
ます。さらに、試料中の揮発性物質も保持できます。
レッチェのクライオミルは、最新の安全な凍結粉砕機で優れた粉砕結果をお約束します。
カッティングミルSM300伝統からの革新
カッティングミルは試料調製に広く使われている粉砕機です。二次燃料の粉砕、再生可能な
バイオマスの研究開発、WEEE/RoHS対応の成分分析および有価金属の回収など、その
アプリケーションは多岐にわたります。
蛍光X線分析用の試料調製
蛍光X線分析は質量分析に広く使われている分析方法ですが、試料調製が正しく行われないと正確で再現性の高い分析結果が得られません。
注目される資源の再生
植物の代表サンプル作成には経験が必要　切迫した原料不足を背景に産業界は、再生可能な資源の利用技術開発に注力しています。その中でも様々な植物は繊維、顔料、医薬品、燃料、油脂および緩衝材の原料として脚光を浴びています。しかし、植物はその複雑な組成や成分のため、分析用の試料調製が困難なもののひとつです。予備粉砕から微粉砕までの最適な粉砕方法を見つけ出すのは簡単なことではなく、経験とノウハウが必要です。
玩具中の重金属分析
玩具は安全でなければなりません。これは玩具中のヒ素、鉛、カドミウム、およびアンチモンの様な物質の最大許容値を定めたEU指令88/378/EWGに明確に記載されており、含有量は子供に害があると推定されるレベル以下でなければいけません。最近では、玩具から基準値を上回る重金属が検出された事例がメディアを賑わせているため、消費者の安全への関心も高まっています。そのため、玩具メーカーにとっては、信頼性のある品質管理によって製品の無害を立証することが重要な課題となっています。
環境負荷物質の検出（RoHS/WEEE)
電子部品廃棄物の試料調製　ラジコンカーの分析用試料調製の方法を説明しています。　　プラスチックの顔料に含まれるカドミウム、ハンダ中の鉛、ケーブルの難燃材に含まれるPBBなど、電子部品の中には有害物質が含まれている可能性が数多くあります。EUの有害物質規制に関する指令（WEEE/RoHS)が2006年7月に発令されて以来、機器メーカー、部品メーカー、材料メーカー、およびリサイクル業者は、その対応に迫られています。
Representative results require adequate sample preparation
The following situation is typical for many production plants: After a routine quality check, the production process is stopped or an already produced batch is suspended, because the analysis results were not within the relevant critical values. But does the tested product really deviate from the specifications? The quality control managers are convinced of this because modern analysis instruments provide results with very low tolerances. The sample in question was tested several times and the result was confirmed. The question is why the product does not match the specifications although the production parameters have not been changed in any way.
The possibility that the tested product is indeed deficient cannot be excluded. However, it is often not the product itself which causes irregular analysis results but a lack of understanding of the steps which come before the analysis.
Secondary fuels – Energy for the cement industry
Due to decreasing resources and increasing market prices for primary fuels like oil, gas or coal, it is paramount for the cement industry to search for alternative energy sources. With regard to the CO2 emissions trading, a switch to energy sources which have a neutral CO2 balance can be rather profitable. Usually, these are non-fossil fuels. Industries with high energy consumption have made increasing use of alternative fuels during the last years. Accordingly, the use of so called secondary fuels (also waste derived fuels/wdf or refuse derived fuels/rdf) has gained importance. These are mostly combustible fractions of domestic or industrial waste which cannot be recycled.
Powerful Cutting Mill
The SM 300 excels especially in the tough jobs where other cutting mills fail. It has a freely selectable speed range from 700 to 3,000 rpm with high torque. The mill is convenient to operate and easy to clean. Reliable and extremely efficient sample preparation in the laboratory is now guaranteed with the SM 300.
Air Jet Sieving of Bulk Materials
Particle size analysis and particle size distribution are important criteria for the quality  control of bulk materials. In a running production process, the results of a quality check must be available quickly to allow for immediate adjustment of the production parameters. Depending on the expected particle size and sample volume, different sieving methods and sieving machines are suitable for analysis. The method used for particle size analysis is primarily determined by the fineness of the material to be sieved. For dry sieving of samples with particle sizes below 40 microns, air jet sieving is the method of choice.
Preparation of Elastic Plastics for the Detection of PAH
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, short PAH, are usually a by-product of combustion and can be found, for example, in cigarette smoke or oil-based products. Mineral oil containing PAH is often used in rubber products as plasticizer, especially in black-coloured products such as car tyres, rubber grips of tools or rubber shoe soles. It was discovered that some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are carcinogenic, so that maximum permissible values have been determined for the concentration of PAH in consumer products.
Size reduction of elastic plastics with volatile components
Neutral-to-analysis sample preparation for the detection of PAH and phthalates
Efficient Grinding at –196 °C
RETSCH’s New CryoMill for Safe and Reproducible Grinding with Liquid Nitrogen
Sick with Dolls
Traces of Heavy Metals in Toys
Green Chemistry in the Lab
Mechanochemistry is a very effective method to carry out syntheses without solvents and by-products. The technical literature describes a great number of reactions where a conversion of 100% is achieved. A precondition for the establishment of mechanochemistry in the industrial sector is the availability of suitable laboratory mills. A decisive factor is that – similar to conventional preparative chemistry – ambient parameters such as pressure and temperature can be documented and monitored. The Planetary Ball Mills and Mixer Mills from Retsch fulfill these requirements.
Size reduction within the context of sample preparation
In general “size reduction” is taken to mean the disintegration of solid substances by mechanical forces without altering their state.
Sample Preparation of Electronic Scrap in the Context of RoHS and WEEE
Since August 2004 new EU directives for the disposal of used electrical and electronic appliances as well as the restricted use of certain hazardous substances in these devices have become effective.
Consistent Milling on a Nano Scale
Planetary ball mills are helping scientists and engineers advance nanotechnology by providing a consistent way to produce nanoscale powders.
The preparation of samples of solid substances for spectroscopic analysis
X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is one of the most versatile multi-element methods of chemical analysis. The technique is based on excitation of fluorescent radiation from a sample by bombarding it with high energy X-ray quanta and subsequent study of the characteristic X-ray radiation emitted by its elements.
Sample Preparation of Plastics for X-Ray-Fluorescence Analysis
The elemental analysis of plastics has become more and more important. EC directive 91/338/EWG regulates the ban of cadmium in PVC, EC directive 94/62/EC defines limits for cadmium, lead, chromium and mercury in packing materials and EC directive 2000/53/EC defines limits for the same elements in end-of-life vehicles. This has created a strong need for a rapid and reliable testing method.
Cryogenic Preparation of Sample Materials
Within the context of sample preparation, size reduction plays an important role as it has a substantial influence on the results of the subsequent analysis. If the particles are too coarse or non-homogeneous the results of the analysis may turn out to be incorrect, especially if there is only a very small amount of sample material which represents the total amount.
Analysis of cadmium in plastics
In recent years, mass media have focused on the topics of the environment and environmental conservation. With the advancement in scientific technology, resource development has progressed.
Aufbereitung von PET Preforms zur nachfolgenden Analytik
In der Getränkeindustrie werden die Kunststoffflaschen auf das potentiell krebserregende Acetaldehyd geprüft. Dies erfolgt meist in den Vorstufen der Getränkeflaschen, den so genannten Preforms. Bevor der Nachweis erfolgen kann, muss das Acetaldehyd erst aus der Probe extrahiert werden. Um dies reproduzierbar zu ermöglichen, ist es notwendig, die Probe zunächst zu zerkleinern. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass Acetaldehyd eine sehr leicht flüchtige Substanz ist. Der während der Vermahlung notwendige mechanische Energieeintrag kann zur Erwärmung und damit zur Verdunstung des Acetaldehyds führen. Um diesen Effekt zu verhindern, ist die Kryogenvermahlung die ideale Methode.
Höchstleistung im Doppelpack
Mit der PM 100 und der PM 200 präsentiert Retsch eine neue Generation von Planeten-Kugelmühlen mit einer bzw. zwei Mahlstellen, die in diesem Produktsegment neue Leistungsstandards setzen.
Herstellung von Nanopartikel mit der Planeten-Kugelmühle
Die Herstellung von Nanopartikeln, deren Größe im Bereich von 1 Mikron und kleiner liegt, ist in vielen technischen Bereichen immer mehr auf dem Vormarsch, denn sie ermöglichen die gezielte Veränderung von Materialeigenschaften.
Schnell und schonend zerkleinern
In zahlreichen Labors werden täglich viele unterschiedliche Probenmaterialien aufbereitet. Für die Zerkleinerung von Feststoffproben auf Analysenfeinheit wird eine Mühle benötigt, die nicht nur vielseitig einsetzbar und leicht zu reinigen ist, sondern die auch eine reproduzierbare Probenvorbereitung – und damit zuverlässige Analysenergebnisse - garantiert.
Mit der Ultra-Zentrifugalmühle ZM 200 bietet RETSCH eine Rotormühle an, die nicht nur sehr schnell, sondern auch äußerst materialschonend zerkleinert und, dank einer umfangreichen Zubehörpalette, universell einsetzbar ist. Mit ihrem kraftvollen Powerdrive-Antrieb vermahlt die ZM 200 weiche bis mittelharte und faserige Materialien extrem schnell auf Endfeinheiten bis unter 100 µm und steigert so den Probendurchsatz im Labor.
Zusammenspiel der Kräfte
Planeten-Kugelmühlen ermöglichen mechanisches Legieren dank ihrer hohen Zerkleinerungsenergie

Mechanisch legierte Werkstoffe haben schon längst ihren Einzug in die moderne Werkstofftechnik gehalten. Viele neue Werkstoffe und Werkstoffkomposite wurden in den letzten Jahren durch intensive Forschung entwickelt und werden bereits industriell hergestellt. Mechanisches Legieren ist ein gängiges Verfahren, um Werkstoffpaarungen oder Komposite zu synthetisieren, die auf konventionellem Wege nicht realisierbar wären, wie z. B. das Verbinden von Natur aus unmischbarer Legierungspartner. Das Werkzeug der Wahl dafür sind Planeten-Kugelmühlen.
Los especial del pigmento
Debido a la ilimitada variedad de colores y texturas que ofrencen los recubrimientos en polvo; muchos de los nuevos recubrimientosde aplicación especifica se crean en el laboratorio en pequeñas cantidades que luego se le envían al cliente para su aplicación y aprobación.
Molienda ultrarrápida y ultrafina
El nuevo molino ultracentrífugo ZM 200 de RETSCH es un molino de rotor no sólo extremadamente rápido y cuidadoso con el material molido, sino también de uso universal gracias a su amplia gama de accesorios.

参考論文 (1)

  • Chemical activation of MgH2; a new route to superior hydrogen storage materials

    We report the discovery of a new, chemical route for ‘activating’ the hydrogen store MgH2, that results in highly effective hydrogen uptake/release characteristics, comparable to those obtained from mechanically-milled material. Hydrogen is widely regarded as a promising alternative to carbonbased fuels; it can be produced from a variety of renewable resources and, when coupled with fuel cells, offers the prospect of near-zero emission of pollutants and greenhouse gases.1 However, the development of hydrogen as a major energy carrier will require solutions to many scientific and technological challenges. Foremost among these is the issue of hydrogen storage; the lightest of all the chemical elements has an excellent energy content per unit weight, but a low energy content per unit volume.

プレスリリース (1)

  • Versatile Ultra Centrifugal Mill with New Cyclone

    RETSCH’s powerful and versatile ZM 200 offers the ultimate in performance and operating comfort. It is used for the rapid size reduction of soft to medium-hard and fibrous materials down to 40 microns. Because of the efficient size reduction technique and the comprehensive range of accessories the ZM 200 ensures the gentle preparation of analytical samples in a very short time.
    For applications which require an optimum air throughput (e. g. heat sensitive materials) or if larger sample volumes need to be processed, the use of a cyclone is recommended. RETSCH offers a re-designed cyclone with improved functionalities for collector volumes from 250 ml to 5 liters which adds to the ZM 200’s great flexibility.
    Thanks to the wide range of accessories with different rotors, ring sieves and collectors, the ZM 200 can be easily adapted to suit a wide range of applications such as, for example, heavy-metal-free grinding, size reduction of abrasive materials or processing small volumes up to 20 ml.

使用事例 (3)

テストレポート (129)